General characteristic and the major properties of graphite

             Graphite represents allotrop the form of carbon having гексагональную crystal structure. Atoms of carbon are located by layers, отстоящими from each other on расстоянии3,36 А0 Initial crystals being guided паралельно each other, form чешуйки. Graphite Завальевского of a deposit concerns to крупночешуйчатым, обладающийсовершенной crystal structure. The size of crystals Zavalie of graphite on an axis "æ" - 400А0, on an axis "á"---500 А0.

             On appearance graphite has the metal lead-coloured color varying from silvery up to black / depending on big size of particles/, with characteristic fat shine. To the touch graphite is fat and soft. Even on soft surfaces it(he) easily gives feature from silvery up to black, brilliant. Graphite differs ability to stick to firm surfaces that allows to create thin a film at натирании him(it) of surfaces of firm ph. Hardness of graphite is between talc and plaster depending on his(its) structure, size of crystals and their relative positioning. Crystals of graphite are easily split on planes спайности on separate layers which well slide the friend on the friend and in this direction have the small hardness equal on scale Мооса ?. Perpendicular спайности hardness of graphite is equal to planes a direction approximately 5 / hardness of apatite / .

             Graphite is opaque and only in пленках thickness less than 0,2 microns it(he) appears through.

ELECTRIC PROPERTIES

             graphite in 2,5 times it is more электропроводности than mercury. It is directly caused by presence at a crystal lattice of graphite легкоподвижных электронов which transfer not only an electricity, but also thermal fluctuations from atom to atom transfer. With this metal color and shine of graphite, and also his(its) small transparency for seen beams are connected.

THERMAL PROPERTIES

             Graphite has the big heat conductivity which depends on set of factors. Heat conductivity changes in parallel with электропроводностью.

TEMPERATURE of BURNING

             The Temperature of burning in струе oxygen makes for crystal graphite 700-7300С. At temperature 10000С graphite slowly burns on air.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

             Graphite is a diamagnetic material.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES And SOLUBILITY

GRAPHITE.

             Chemically graphite is inert and the high melting point is not dissolved in any solvents, except for the fused metals, at what. At dissolution are formed карбиды. Most important of which are карбиды iron, tungsten, the titan of calcium and a pine forest. In a sulfuric acid at the presence of oxidizers scaly graphite formation(education) всученного/вермикулярного/graphite. Вспученный graphite is capable to be pressed in products without binding.

FAT CONTENT And PLASTICITY

             Fat content and plasticity have crucial importance there where graphite materials are exposed to pressing and formation - in manufacture тиглей, electrodes, electrobrushes, galvanic cells, pencils etc.

             Crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit, due to perfection, crystal structure, has the big fire resistance, fat content and plasticity which provide the first class quality of products from him(it).

APPLICATION of GRAPHITE

             Application of crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit in the industry is very various. Graphite almost is not applied anywhere in the pure state, and usually enters in structure of complex(difficult) mixes, frequently into very small amounts, and gives to these mixes technically valuable properties.

             Experience of industrial use of crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit and responses of the broad audience of his(its) consumers enable to name the mainest kinds of products in which with success various marks of the specified graphite are applied.

FIRE-RESISTANT PRODUCTS 

             Graphite serves высокоогнеупорной отощающей as the additive in ceramic weights. It(he) informs crucible weight high fire resistance, heat conductivity and thermal stability(resistance), gives тиглям a smooth surface to which the fused metal badly(poorly) sticks. It(he) restores at high temperatures metal oxidize and interferes with oxidation of metal.

             The Greatest value has manufacture graphite melting тиглей, and also covers to them. Besides retorts are made of graphite надставки and supports to тиглям, тигли for special furnaces. Baths for the soldering, baths for roasting pencil cores, графитокарборундовые муфели and other products. In quality высокоогнеупорного a material crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit is applied at manufacturing high-quality высокоогнеупорных facing products to a laying of blast furnaces, топок, steam boilers.

             To manufacture of the specified products with success apply largly crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit of mark "ГТ" the/maintenance(/contents) of particles more largly 0,20 mm not less than 75 %/.

             FOUNDRY BUSINESS And MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

             Crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit of mark "ГЛ" with success is applied to manufacturing putties for foundry forms, cores etc. At a covering of crude forms and cores, is especial at complex(difficult) forms and thin walls отливов, graphite of mark "ГЛ" yields good results. Protective action of a graphite layer is caused неплавкостью graphite and a natural surface of it(him). Graphite enters as a component of a paint for colouring forms and cores изложниц, and also others pig-iron отливок. Crystal graphite Завальевского of deposit "ГЛ", "ГЭ" successfully apply in facing forming mixes together with black oil and sulphitic щелоком. Application of this graphite in facing mixes allows to refuse from шпаклевки surfaces of moulding under painting.

             Graphite of mark "ГЛ" is applied by success for науглераживания steel, to preparation of greasings at a deep extract, cold landing and drawing of metal.

             Processing metals by pressure/hot and liquid punching, moulding under pressure, hot pressing, hot протяжка pipes / is impossible without application of highly effective смазочно-cooling liquids such as "Градис-ОФ", "ГМС", "Графитол-in", ' Графитол-Э ', intended for creation of a dividing layer between processable metal and forming пресс-tool, and also for greasing and cooling of the last.

             Application for hot processing metals by pressure instead of oils водосодержащих СОЖ such as "Графитол-in", "Графитол-Ø" allows to improve structure of metal to raise(increase) cleanliness of a surface and a class of accuracy of made details, to increase stability(resistance) of the пресс-tool, to extend service life of the equipment, to reduce quantity(amount) of the metal going in облой.

             Properties СОЖ substantially influence productivity of the equipment, define(determine) quality of made details, stability(resistance) and service life of the tool and labour productivity. водосодержащих СОЖ, not forming smoke, a smell and polluting products, sanitary-and-hygienic working conditions allow to improve use to raise(increase) culture of manufacture on штамповом, прессовом, forge, foundry and other manufactures of metalcutting factories.

             To greasing of forms at thin color moulding will be applied a коллоидно-graphite preparation of mark "é-1".

                         CERAMIC-METAL PRODUCTS

             Firm alloys are made from карбидов the refractory metals received by dissolution in them of graphite. Карбиды have high hardness / come nearer to hardness of diamond/, have good viscosity and keep ability of cutting properties up to temperature of a red stone.

             The Important kind металло-ceramic products are porous bearings. Their application has resolved a number(line) of the difficulties arising when in units of machines it is impossible to provide greasing of rubed surfaces by submission of greasing from the outside. Iron - graphite porous bearings have fine antifrictional properties, surpass properties bronze and баббитовых bearings. Use of iron - graphite porous bearings allows to save nonferrous metals.

             In ceramic-metal manufacture with success crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit of mark "Å" is applied., pencil - marks "ГК-1" and "ГК-3", and also dry коллоидный graphite of mark "æ-1".

the electrical ENGINEER

             Galvanic cells. Crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit is one of the basic materials used for manufacture of high-quality galvanic cells. It(he) is part деполяризационного some agglomerate for a positive pole of an element. The basic qualitative characteristic of galvanic cells - big enough capacity and safety, depends substantially on quality of graphite used for manufacturing. Graphite of marks is most successfully applied to galvanic cells "ГЭ-3", "ГЭ-4"; for an electrowire layer галетных batteries - graphite of marks "ГЭ-1", "ГЭ-2".

             Electrodes and электроугли. In technology of electrode products graphite is applied about the purpose. Improvements прессовых characteristics of weight and increase электропроводности electrodes. For arc electrodes - oven, прожекторных, movie, film projection, spectroscopic and т.п - the high temperature of boiling of graphite has special value. For manufacturing the electrodes used at электролизе of chloride sodium in manufacture of chlorine and каустической of soda, graphite of mark ЭУЗ-М is used. For manufacturing lighting углей, углей for electric welding, coal трубок for электрофильтров, coal poles for galvanic cells graphite of mark "ЭУЗ-Ø" is used. Graphite of marks is applied to condensation of electric contacts between electrodes and their metal armature "ГЭ-1", "ГЭ-2" as pastes and powders.

             In sliding contacts for electric machines/электрощеток/graphite is irreplaceable. It(he) carries out a complex(difficult) role of a regulator of properties of sliding contact. Due to good электропроводности and to antifrictional properties of graphite sliding contact of an electrobrush can work without additional greasing.

ASBESTINE And RUBBER TECHNICAL PRODUCTS. PLASTIC.

Graphite apply to a superficial covering сальниковых stuffings with the purpose of improvement of antifrictional properties and increase of their thermostability. At manufacturing асбостальных sheets on their surface graphite paste for protection of linings from sticking to metal parts is put. Crystal graphite is applied also in quality наполнителя in rubber mixes. Asbestine for preparation asbestine and rubber technical products crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit of marks "ГЛ" and "ГЭ" is used.. As inert наполнителя graphite use in modern artificial pitches and materials, by manufacture of facing plates etc. As antifrictional means graphite is applied to acid installations, current-carrying grades of rubber in самосмазывающих plastic.

PENCIL MANUFACTURE

             Due to ability it is easy to give feature even on soft surfaces graphite is an essential component of graphite pencils. Graphite is part of weight of a black pencil core on a ceramic sheaf and an ink core on a glutinous basis. In pencil manufacture it is most successfully applied fat grades of crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit of marks "ГК-1" and "ГК-3", and for manufacture of cores of small diameters with success are used a dry коллоидно-graphite preparation of marks "æ-1" and "æ-0".

LUBRICANTS.

             As antifrictional наполнителя консистентных greasings for greasing circuits, ropes, axes graphite of mark "Å" is applied.

             As greasing and components of greasings тяжелонагруженных units, for grinding in of mechanical details the oil коллоидно-graphite preparation is applied.

             Коллоидный graphite use as an additive to motor and трансмиссионным to oils of automobiles and tractors. Special advantages are given with use of an additive in winter conditions, facilitates start of engines. For this purpose are used a коллоидно-graphite preparation "Градис-4".

OTHER SCOPES

             Varnishes, the paints made on graphite in qualities of a pigment, have электропроводностью and antifrictional properties, they also термоустойчивы. Application of graphite for colouring concrete/гипса/in various tone from light grey up to black is expedient. Even at the big additives to cement graphite does not lower durability of concrete on compression and on a bend.

             Application КГП and графитосодержащих СОЖ is rather various. So the коллоидно-graphite preparation is applied to drawing external электропроводящего coverings electron beam трубок ' Градис - В51 '.

             In the glass industry the коллоидно-graphite preparation oil, carrying out a role of a facing thermally proof covering is irreplaceable at manufacturing стеклоизделий.

             Such unique area of the industry as manufacture of artificial diamonds, it is based on use of graphite special малозольного marks "PETROLEUM PRODUCTS - 1".

             Crystal graphite Завальевского of a deposit is applied also in manufacture of products to a lot of special industries.

PACKING of the GOODS

             Graphite is packaged in битумированные paper черырехслойные or five-layer bags in weight of 10-30 kg.

             At shipment on export packing is made depending on mark of preparations.

             The Dry коллоидно-graphite preparation is packed into the polyethylene bags enclosed in paper bags.

             Oil preparations затариваются in metal flanks in capacity of 100 litres. Banks from white жести.

             Water коллоидно-graphite preparations are packaged in полиэтимленовые бутыли by capacity of 8 or 5 litres.

Graphite / General information

Graphite is a natural mineral, which owing to the unique properties: difficult smelting, conduction, chemical stability and low hardness practically has no artificial substitutes.

    Scopes of graphite:
 Graphite is used for:
     - pencils
     - fire-resistant products and crucible
     - active weights of alkaline accumulators
     - weights for graphite antifrictional products from nonferrous metals
     - various greasings
  Production:
     - primary chemical sources of Electric current
     - electro-coal products
     - coverings working surfaces of forms and cores at reception casting a complex design.

Graphite pack into 4 layer paper bags in accordance with GOST in 2226-81 weight no more than 30 kg. As agreed with the consumer in disposable soft containers KR-1 OS.